ª©¥»»¡©ú
1999.7.28¡@ªì½Z
2000.2.22¡@×q¡uÃö©ó¬ùªº¦a¦ì¡v³¡¥÷
2001.7.10¡@¸É¥RRichard B. Hays¤@®Ñªº§÷®Æ
¥»¤å¦®¦b°Q½×°¨°ê´É½sµÛ¡m·¥ºÝ!?²§ºÝ!?¡u°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v"Church of Christ"¡n ¡]»´ä¡R»´ä°ò·þ®{µu´Á«Å±Ð°V½m¤¤¤ßº[§G¹D¸ê·½¨ÑÀ³¤¤¤ß¡A1997¦~12¤ëªìª©¡^¦³Ãö§åµû°ò·þ±Ð·|±Ð¸qªº³¡¤À¡C¦Ü©ó¸Ó®Ñ¦b¸ê®Æ¤è±ªº¿ù»~¡A½Ð¬Ý©å¤å¡C
¥»¤å©|¥¼§¹¦¨¡A¦ý¦]°¨®Ñ¹ï°ò·þ±Ð·|»~¸Ñ¬Æ¦h¡A¬GÀH¼gÀHµoªí¡A¥H¥¿µøÅ¥¡C¸¥Ã«íÂÔÃÑ¡C «ö¡G°¨®Ñ×qª©¤j¶q§R¥hªìª©»~¤Þ¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡vªº§÷®Æ¡A¦ý¨S¦³¥æ¥N§R¥hªºì¦]¡A¥»¤å¤´¥H°¨®Ñªìª©¬°°Q½×¹ï¹³¡C
Ãö©ó¬ùªº¦a¦ì
°¨®Ñ»{¬°¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¶S§C¬ù¡A¨Ã»{¬°¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¡uªí±¤W±µ¨ü¥þ¥»¸t¸g¡A¦ý±N¬ù¸t¸g±Æ°£©ó°ò·þ±Ð«H¥õ¤§¥~¡v¡]¶100)¡A³oÓ±À½×µ´¤£¥¿½T¡D1809¦~¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v»â³S
Thomas Campbell µoªíªº«n¤åÄm Declaration
and Address »¡¡G"That although the scriptures of the Old and New
Testament are inseparably connected, making together but one perfect and entire
revelation of the Divine will, for the edification and salvation of the church;
and therefore in that respect cannot be separated; yet as to what directly and
properly belongs to their immediate object, the New Testament is as perfect a
constitution for the worship, discipline and government of the New Testament
church, and as perfect a rule for the particular duties of its members; as the
Old Testament was for the worship discipline and government of the Old
Testament church, and the particular duties of its members." ¥Lªº¨à¤l
Alexander Campbell µoªí¤F¤@½g¦W¬°"Sermon on
the Law," Millennial
Harbinger, (September 1846):
493-521ªºÁ¿³¹¡A´£¥X·s¬ù¦Ó«D¬ù¬O·s¬ù±Ð·|±R«ô¡N¦æ¬°¡N²Õ´ªº¾Ë³¹¡A¨Ò¦p°ò·þ®{¤£¶·¿í¦u¦U¼ËêO²½¬O¦]¬°³o¨Ç¬O¹ï¬ù®É¥N¥H¦â¦C¤Hªº³W½d¡A¦Ó«D¹ï·s¬ù°ò·þ®{ªº©R¥O¡D»¡¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¡uªí±¤W±µ¨ü¥þ¥»¸t¸g¡A¦ý±N¬ù¸t¸g±Æ°£©ó°ò·þ±Ð«H¥õ¤§¥~¡v¬O¨S¦³¹D²zªº¡DÃö©óAlexander
Campbell ªº Sermon on the Lawªº¤ÀªR, ¥i°Ñ Everett Ferguson, "Alexander
Campbell's Sermon on the Law: A Historical and Theological Examination," Restoration
Quarterly 29 (1987): 71-85. Ferguson ©ú½T«ü¥X Campbell ¨S¦³¤Ï¹ï¬ùªº±Ð¸q¡A¥L©Ò¤Ï¹ïªº¥u¬O¬ù¹ï·s¬ù®É¥N±Ð·|ªº¾A¥Î©Ê¡D¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¬Û·í«µøÂ¬ùªº±Ð°V¡A¨Ò¦p¬ü°ê¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¤j¾Ç
Pepperdine
University (Malibu, California) Lectureship 1999 §Y¥H¸Ö½g¬°¥DÃD¡D
Ãö©óÄÀ¸g¤èªk
p.101
°¨®Ñ»¡¡G¡u¡u°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¦b¨ä±Ð¸qªº²Õ¦¨¹Lµ{¤¤¡AÀH·N¤Þ¥Î¸g¤å¡AÀH·N²Õ¦X¸g¤å¡D¨Ò¦p¦b¡m·s¬ù¸t¸g¤¤°O¸üªº°ò·þªº±Ð·|¡n¤@®Ñ¶3½×¤Î¡u¯«¥Ã«íªº¦®·N¡v¤@¬q¤ºÀH·N²Õ¦X¤F¥±¤@9-11¡F¤T10, 11, 21¡FªL«e¤G7µ¥¸g¤å¡D¡v
«ö¡G¤Þz¤£¦Pªº¸g¤å¨Ó¤ä«ù¬Y¤@½×ÂI¡A¥¼¥²´N¬OÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡D¥H¤U¬O¥H°¨®Ñ¤§¥Ù§ð°¨®Ñ¤§¬Þ¡D
¡u¡uµu«Å¡v¦b¨ä±Ð¸qªº²Õ¦¨¹Lµ{¤¤¡AÀH·N¤Þ¥Î¸g¤å¡AÀH·N²Õ¦X¸g¤å¡D¨Ò¦p¦b¡m·¥ºÝ!?²§ºÝ!?¡u°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v"Church of Christ"¡n¤@®Ñ¶118½×¤Î¡u®¬§ï¥²¶·¥]¬A¥ß§Ó§@ªù®{¡A¤£¥ß§Ó§@ªù®{ªº¤H¤´¥¼±o±Ï¡H¡v¤@¬q¤ºÀH·N²Õ¦X¤F¥±¤1¡F¬ù³ü¤T1-2¡F©¼«e¤@14¡F¨Ó¤Q¤G7µ¥¸g¤å¡D¡v
°¨®Ñ¦P¼Ë¬O¤Þz¤£¦P®Ñ¨÷ªº¸g¤å¡A¤S¬O§_¡uÀH·N¤Þ¥Î¸g¤å¡AÀH·N²Õ¦X¸g¤å¡v¡H·íµM¤£¯à³æ¾Ì¤Þzªº¤è¦¡¤U©w½×¡AÁÙn¬Ý¬Ý¤W¤å¤U²z¡D¦ý°¨®Ñ«o¨S¦³¨ãÅ黡©ú¬°¬Æ»ò¡u°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¬O¡uÀH·N¤Þ¥Î¸g¤å¡AÀH·N²Õ¦X¸g¤å¡v¦Ó¥L¤£¬O¡D
Ãö©ó¨ü®û»P±Ï®¦
²¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A°¨®Ñ»{¬°Á¿¨ü®û»P±o±Ï¦³Ãö´N¬O¾a¦æ¬°±o±Ï¡A³o¹ê¦b¬O¤@¤j»~·|¡D¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¤]¬Û«H¡u¦]«HºÙ¸q¡vªº¹D²z¡D¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v»P¤@¯ë±Ð·|¹ï¨ü®ûªº«n©Ê½T¦³¤£¦P²z¸Ñ¡A²nªº»¡©ú¥i°ÑDr. Richard E. Oster, Jr. "Baptism and Forgiveness of Sins" Bulletin of Harding University Graduate School of Religion.¡@n¸ÔºÉ¤F¸Ñ¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¹ï®û§ªº¬Ýªk¡AÀ³°Ñ¦Ò David W. Fletcher, ed., Baptism and the Remission of Sins (Joplin: College Press, 1990)¡A¨ä¤¤¤å³¹¥]¬A¹ï¸t¸g¤¤¦³Ãö¨ü®ûªº¸g¤åªº¬ã¨s¡Aµû½×§ï²©v¶Ç²Îªº¬~§Æ[¡A¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¹ï®û§ªº¦UºØ½×ª§¡A¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡v¹ï¨ä¥L±Ð·|ªº¬~§ªº±µ¯Ç±¡ªpµ¥¡A·¥´I°Ñ¦Ò»ùÈ¡D¸Ó®Ñ§@ªÌ¬O¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡vªº¤j¾Ç±Ð±Â©Î¶Ç¹D¤H¡D¡@
«µø®û§¨Ã«D¥u¬O¡u¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð·|¡vªº¨£¸Ñ¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A²{¥N§G¹D·|±`¨£ªº©I¥l¨M§Ó¡A«H¦ÓÁ|¤â§@»{¸oë§i´N¥i±o±Ïªº°µªk¬Oªñ²{¥Nªº·s°µªk¡AWilliam Abraham, The Logic of Evangelism (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989) «ü¥X "Historically, the modern appeal or altar call is a development of the anxious seat, a "new measure," as it was called, that Charles Finney used in his revival meetings in the last century." (p. 131) ¥L§ó¶i¤@¨B«ü¥X "Since one enters that community by baptism, it cannot be set aside or replaced by substitutes. Therefore, separating conversion from baptism, a practice that is such a marked feature of modern evangelism, is a theological scandal [emphasis mine]." (p.133)
¶106-119
«ö¡G°¨®Ñ¦¹³¡¤À¤º®e¿×ºK¦Û¥t¥~¨â¥÷§÷®Æ¡A¦ý°¨®ÑÀ³¬O¦P·N¨ä¤º®e¡A¬G¥»¤åµø¤§¬°°¨®Ñ¤§Æ[ÂI¡D
¶106
°¨®Ñ¤ª¡G¡u¬~§¤@¦r¬O±q§ÆÃ¾¤å½Ķ¹L¨Óªº¡A·N«ä¬O¡u»P¡D¡D¡D»{¦P¡v¡D¡v
«ö¡G°¨®Ñ¨S¦³¥X¥L¹ï§ÆÃ¾¤å¡u¬~§¡v¤@µüªºÂ½Ä¶¬O¨Ì¾Ú¦ó®Ñ¡A¦ý§Ú½¬dÅv«Â§ÆÃ¾¤å¦r¨åWillianm F. Arndt, F. Wilbur Gingrich, A
Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature,
2d ed. Revised and Augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), 131-32¨ÃµL¦¹¸ÑÄÀ¡D
¶109
°¨®Ñ¤ª¡G¡uiv. ¡u ¨D§i¥Dªº¦W¡v³oÓ§ÆÃ¾¤åªº»²§U°Êµü¡M¦b§ÆÃ¾¤åªºµ²ºc¤W¡]^¤åĶ¥»NASB¬Û¦P¡^¡MµL½×¬O§_¦b¥y¤l¥½¥X²{¡A³£¬O¥ý©ó©Î»P¥Dn°Êµü¦P®Éµo¥Íªº, ³o¸Ì»¡«Où¨D§i°ò·þªº¦W¥H¦Ü±oµÛ±Ï®¦¬O¥ý©ó¥L¨ü¤ô§¡C¡v
«ö¡G°¨¥ý¥Í¦¹¥y¦³¤T³B¤ò¯f¡G1. ¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þ¡A2. ¥¼¥J²Ó¬ÝNASB¡A3. ¹ï§ÆÃ¾¤åªº»²§U°Êµüªº·§©À¤£²M´·¡C
1. °¨¥ý¥Í¬JµM»¡¡u»²§U°Êµü. . . . . . ³£¬O¥ý©ó©Î»P[emphasis mine]¥Dn°Êµü¦P®Éµo¥Íªº¡v¡A¨º»ò¥L¾Ì¬Æ»ò§P©w³o¸Ì¡u¨D§i¥Dªº¦W¡v¬O¥ý©ó¨ü¤ô§¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¦P¬Oµo¥Í¡H
2. ¦A¬d¥L¨Ì¾ÚªºNASB¡A³o¸`ªº^ͬO"calling on His name"¡A¦Ó¤£¬O"having
called on His name"¡A«Ü©úÅãNASBªºÄ¶ªÌ¹ï³o¬q¸g¤åªºÂºÄ¶¸ò°¨¥ý¥Í©Ò«ÅºÙªº¤£¦P¡C¨ä¹ê¨ä¥LĶ¥»¦pNIV, NRSV¤]¤£¬Oͧ@
"having called" ¦Óͧ@ "calling".
3. ¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A°¨¥ý¥Í¨S¦³«ü¥X§ÆÃ¾¤å¤¤¦³¨âºØparticiple¡]»²§U°Êµü¡^¡Gpresent participle, aorist participle. ®{22:16¨D§i¥Lªº¦Wì¤å¬OÓaorist participle, ¾ÚWilliam D. Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek Grammar (Grand Rapids:
Zondervan, 1993) 252«ü¥X"The most important thing to remember about the
aorist participle is its aspect. It
indicates an undefined action. It tells you nothing
about the aspect of the action other than it occurred. " ¦P®Ñ¶262¤S«ü¥X"
Whereas the present participle indicates an action occurring at the same time
as the main verb, the aorist participle generally indicates an action occurring
before the time of the main verb. There are , however, many exceptions to this general rule. . . . For example, many aorist participles indicate an action
occurring at the same time as the main verb. "¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£°¨¥ý¥Íªº»¡ªk¨Ã¤£¦p¥L©Ò»¡ªº¦³§ÆÃ¾¤å¤åªkªº¤ä«ù¡C
4. ¨ÉÅA¾Ç¬Éªº¬ü«n®û«H·|¯«¾Ç°|±Ð±ÂG.R. Beasley-Murray¦b¨ä¸g¨åµÛ§@Baptism in the New Testament(UK:
Paternoster Press, 1972) 102«ü¥X "Acts 22:16, the exhortation to Paul, 'Rise
and be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on His name', implies that
his sins will be washed away in his baptism accompanied by prayer." ¥i¨£¾Ç³N¬É¤]¤£¤@©w§¹¥þ¦P·N°¨¥ý¥Íªº»¡ªk¡D
¶109
°¨®Ñ¤Þ®{9:17-18¡u¨È®³¥§¨È´N¥h¤F¡A¶i¤J¨º®a¡A§â¤â«ö¦b±½Ã¹¨¤W¡A»¡¡G¡u¥S§Ì±½Ã¹¡A¦b§A¨Óªº¸ô¤W¦V§AÅã²{ªº¥D¡A´N¬OC¿q¡A¥´µo§Ú¨Ó¡A¥s§A¯à¬Ý¨£¡A¤S³Q¸tÆF¥Rº¡¡C¡v±½Ã¹ªº²´·ú¤W¦n¹³¦³Åì¥ß¨è±¼¤U¨Ó¡A¥L´N¯à¬Ý¨£¡A©ó¬O°_¨Ó¨ü¤F¬~¡v¡A¨Ã´£¿ôŪªÌ¡uª`·N¨È®³¥§¨ÈºÙ¥L¡u¥S§Ì¡v¡v¡D°¨®Ñ¦ü¥G¬O»¡¨È®³¥§¨È¬JµM¦b±½Ã¹¨ü®û«eºÙ¥L¡u¥S§Ì¡v¡A«h¥L¤w¬O±o±Ï¤F¡A¬O¥ý±o±Ï«á¨ü®û¡D
«ö¡G¡u¥S§Ì¡v¤@µü¬O¤@Ó´¶³qªºµü»y¡A¨Ã«D±Ð·|¤º³¡±M¥Î¡D¨Ò¦p®{ 7:2¡u¥q´£¤Ï»¡¡G¡u½Ñ¦ì¤÷¥S¡A½ÐÅ¥¡I·í¤é§Ú̪º¯ª©v¨È§B©Ô¨u¡A¦b¦Ì©Òªi¤j¦ÌÁÙ¥¼¦í«¢Äõªº®ÉÔ¡AºaÄ£ªº¯«¦V¥LÅã²{¡v³o¸Ìªº¤÷¥S¬O"Brothers and fathers"(NRSV), ì¤å¬O "Men, brothers" (NRSVªþµù)¡DÃø¹D¥q´£¤Ï»{¬°·Ç³Æ±þ¥Lªº¤H¬O°ò·þ®{¡A¬O±o±Ïªº¤H¶Ü¡H
¶111
°¨®Ñ°Q½×®{2:38®É¤ª¡u¡u®¬§ï¡v³oÓ©R¥O°Êµü¬O²³¼Æªº¡A¤D¬O¹ï¥þ³¡¤H»¡¡A§Y¥þ°ê»Ý®¬§ï¡D¡u¨Ï§A̪º¸o±o³j¡v¤]¬O²³¼Æªº¡A§Y©Ò¦³ªº¸o¡A¦]¦¹À³»P®¬§ï¬Û³s¡D¡u¨ü¬~¡v¤@µü¬O³æ¼Æ¡A§Y¬O»¡¡u¨C¤@Ó¤Hn¨ü¬~¡D¡v¡D¡D¡D©¼±o¤D¬O¹ï¾ãÓµS¤Ó¥Á±Ú¡]²³¼Æ¡^»¡¡G¡u®¬§ï¨Ï§A̪º¸o±o³j¡D¡v¤S¹ïÓ§O¨C¤@Ó¤H»¡¡G¡u§An¨ü¬~¡D¡v¡¦¡u¨ü¬~¡v¬O»P¡u¸o±o³j§K¡v¬O²@µLÃö³s¡D¡v
«ö¡G°¨®Ñ¦¹³B¥u¬O¾÷±ñ¦a²z¸Ñ§ÆÃ¾¤å¤åªk¡A¦Ó©¿²¤¤F§ÆÃ¾¤åªºÅܤơD§ÆÃ¾¤å¾ÇªÌCarroll D. Osburn¦b¤@½g°Q½×§ÆÃ¾¤å¤åªkªº¤å³¹"Interpreting
Greek Syntax" ¦³±Mªù°Q½×®{2:38¡D¡]¤å³¹ì©ó1982¦~¦bGuatemala CityªºWycliffe Bible
Translators·|ij¤W«ÅŪ¡A«á¦¬¤JF. Furman Kearley, Edward P. Myers and Timothy D. Hadley,
eds., Biblical Interpretation: Principles and Practice, Studies in Honor of
Jack Pearl Lewis(Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1986)¶234-43) Osburn ¤Þz¤FA.T.
Robertson, J.H. Moultonµ¥§ÆÃ¾¤å¤åªk¾ÇªÌªºµÛ§@¡A»¡©ú§ÆÃ¾¤å¤¤"several idomatic Greek usages in
which such agreement in person and number does not exist between subject and
verb." ¡]¶241¡^¥L¶i¤@¨B«ü¥X¬ù¤C¤Q¤h§ÆÃ¾¤åĶ¥»¥X16:29, ®Ñ6:10, ¤ý¤U10:19, ¨È7:10, ¥H¤Î¦¸¸g1
Maccabees 10:63, Didache 15:3, ±Ð¤÷Ignatius µÛ§@Magn. 6:2³£¦³Ãþ¦ü®{2:38ªºµ²ºc¡D¥L³Ì«á´£¥Xµ²½×»¡¡G¡¨Greek literature itself evidences an idiomatic usage that is
pertinent to Acts 2:38, in which the third person singular imperative functions
in concert with a second person plural imperative so as to bring emphasis to a
command by allowing the speaker addressing a group to address members of that
group individually. In this emphatic imperatival usage, the speaker attaches such
tremendous importance to the command that he makes it clear with the third
person imperative that not a single member of the group is exempt. "n¨¥¤§¡A®{2:38©¼±o©R·í®Éªº¤H¡u®¬§ï¡v¡]²³¼Æ¡^¤Î¡u¨ü¬~¡v¡]³æ¼Æ¡^¥Øªº¬O±j½Õ¥L̤£¦ýn®¬§ï¡A¨Ã¥B¨C¤@Ó³£n¨ü¬~¡A¦Ó¨Ã¤£¬O»¡¡u¨Ï§A̪º¸o±o³j¡v¡]²³¼Æ¡^¥u»P¡u®¬§ï¡v¦³Ãö¦Ó»P¡u¨ü¬~¡vµLÃö¡D°¨®Ñ§â®{2:38¤¤¡u¨ü¬~¡v»P¡u¨Ï§A̪º¸o±o³j¡v³Îµõ¬O¹ï§ÆÃ¾¤å¤åªk¤@ª¾¥b¸Ñ¡D¥¿¦pOsburn
»¡"The only reason for the attempt to separate the two imperatives in 2:38
is to evade the force and necessity of baptism for salvation due to a
"faith only " predispositon." (p. 240)
¦¹¥~¥i°ÑAshby L. Camp, "Reexamining the Rule of Concord in Acts 2:38," Restoration
Quarterly 39 (1997) 37-42 ¹ï®{2:38¤¤ªº§ÆÃ¾¤å¤åªkªº±M¤å°Q½×.
¶112
°¨®Ñ¤ÞªL«e1:17¡u°ò·þ®t»º§Ú¡A줣¬O¬°¬I¬~¡A¤D¬O¬°¶ÇºÖµ¡F¨Ã¤£¥Î´¼¼zªº¨¥»y¡A§K±o°ò·þªº¤Q¦r¬[¸¨¤FªÅ¡C¡v¨Ã¾Ú¦¹»¡¡u³oªí¥Ü¬~§¤£¬O«Où¶ÇºÖµªº¤@³¡¥÷¡v¡D
«ö¡G°¨¥ý¥Í©¿²¤¤F¸g¤å¤¤¡u§K±o¡v¨â¦r¡A¹ïôªL¦h±Ð·|ªºI´º¦³»{ÃѪº¤H³£ª¾¹DôªL¦h±Ð·|¦³¤Àªùµ²ÄÒªº¨Æ¡A«Où¦bªL«e 1:14-15»¡¡u§Ú·PÁ¯«¡A°£¤F°ò§Q¥q¥¬¨Ã¸ÓµS¥H¥~¡A§Ú¨S¦³µ¹§A̤@Ó¤H¬I¬~¡F§K±o¦³¤H»¡¡A§A̬O©^§Úªº¦W¨ü¬~¡C¡v§Ú¬Ý¤£¥X°¨®Ñªºµ²½×¡u³oªí¥Ü¬~§¤£¬O«Où¶ÇºÖµªº¤@³¡¥÷¡v¡A«Où¥u¬O¾á¤ß¥Ñ¥L¿Ë¦Û¬I®û·|¤Þ°_§ó¦h¯Éª§§a¡I¨Æ¹ê¤WC¿q§h©Jªù®{ªº¤j¨Ï©R¥¿©ú½T¥]¬A¬I®û¡A¤Ó 28:18-20¡uC¿q¶i«e¨Ó¡A¹ï¥LÌ»¡¡G¡u¤Ñ¤W¡B¦a¤U©Ò¦³ªºÅv¬`³£½çµ¹§Ú¤F¡A©Ò¥H§AÌn¥h¡A¨Ï¸U¥Á§@§Úªºªù®{¡A©^¤÷¡B¤l¡B¸tÆFªº¦W¡Aµ¹¥L̬I¬~¡]©ÎĶ¡Gµ¹¥L̬I¬~¡AÂk©ó¤÷¡B¤l¡B¸tÆFªº¦W¡^¡F¤Z§Ú©Ò§h©J§A̪º¡A³£±Ð°V¥LÌ¿í¦u¡C§Ú´N±`»P§A̦P¦b¡Aª½¨ì¥@¬Éªº¥½¤F¡C¡v¡v§â¨ü®û»P¶ÇºÖµ¤À³Î¬Æ¦Ü¹ï¥ß¦ü¥G¤£¦XC¿qªº±Ð¾É¡A·íµM¤]«D«Oùªº·N«ä¡D
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n²z¸Ñù10À³¥ý±q²Ä9³¹¤J¤â¡Cù 9:30«Où»¡¡u³o¼Ë¡A§ÚÌ¥i»¡¬Æ»ò©O¡H¡v³o¥y¸Ü¬O¤@Ó°T¸¹¡M¬O«Où¤Þ¤J·s½×ÃDªº¤èµ{¦¡¡M´N¹³¤À¬qªº§@¥Î¤@¼Ë¡C
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±q¤Wªí¥i¨£¡M«Où¥u¬O¡u·N¤Þ¡v¦Ó¤£¬O¡uª½¤Þ¡v¡M¨Ã¥[¤WÓ¤H¸ÑÄÀ¡C¨Ò¦pù10:7«Où§â¡u®ü¥~¡v²z¸Ñ¬°¡u³±¶¡¡v¡M¨Ã¤Þ¥Ó¬°¡u´N¬On»â°ò·þ±q¦º¸Ì¤W¨Ó¡v¡C¦ý§ÚÌn«¥Ó¡M³oºØ¸Ñ¸g¤èªk¦b·í®É¬O§¹¥þ¥¿±`ªº¡C Richard B. Hays ¦b Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul (New Havens: Yale University Press, 1989)»{¬°«Où¬O¥Î¤F "line-by-line pesher commentary" ªº¤èªk¸ÑÄÀ¥Ó©R°Oªº¸g¤å¡C(p.79)
¦Ü©ó¥Ó30:12-14ªº«ÂI¡M¨ä¹ê±q¥Ó30:11´N²M·¡¬Ý±o¥X¡R¡u§Ú¤µ¤é©Ò§h©J§Aªº»|©R¤£¬O§AÃø¦æªº¡A¤]¤£¬OÂ÷§A»·ªº¡v¡M¤@¨¥¥H½ª¤§¡M´N¬O¼¯¦è«jÀyµS¤Ó¤Hn¦u«ßªk¡M³o¼Ë°µ¡u¤£Ãø¡v¡Q¦Ó«ßªk¤]¡u¤£»·¡v¡M¤£¥²¤W¤Ñ¹L®ü¨ú¡M¯«¤w½çµ¹¥LÌ¡C
¥Ó30:12-14¬OÁ¿«ßªk¡Mù10:6-8¬OÁ¿«H¥D¤§¹D¡M¨âªÌ«¤ß¤£¦P¡M¦ý«Où«o¤´¤Þ¥Î¥Ó30:12-14¡M¤@¤è±¬O»¡©ú«ßªkªºÁ`µ²´N¬O°ò·þ¡M°ò·þ¦¨¥þ¤F«ßªk¡C¡]§ÚÌ¥²¶·¯d·N«Où¨S¦³§_©w«ßªkªº»ùÈ¡M¥u¬O¤Ï¹ï¥H¦æ«ßªk¥N´À«HC¿q¡^¡Q¥t¤@¤è±¬O·Q»¡©ú«HºÖµ¦P¼Ë¬O¡u¤£Ãø¡vªº¡M¦ÓºÖµ¤]¬O¡u¤£»·¡v¡M¤£¥²¤W¤Ñ¤J¦a¥h´M¨D¡M¦]¬°¯«¤w´À¥L̷dzƦn¤F¡C¤H¥u»Ýn±µ¨ü´N¥i¥H¤F¡M¬O¥H«H¤ß receive¡]±µ¨ü¡^¡M¦Ó¤£¥²¾a¦æ¬° achieve¡]Àò¨ú¡^¡C
¨º»ò¤Hnreceiveªº¤S¬O¤°»ò¹D²z¡SºÖµ¤S¬O¤°»ò©O¡Sù 10:9-10«Où»¡¡R¡u§AY¤fùØ»{C¿q¬°¥D¡A¤ßùØ«H¯«¥s¥L±q¦ºùØ´_¬¡¡A´N¥²±o±Ï¡A¦]¬°¤H¤ßùج۫H¡A´N¥i¥HºÙ¸q¡A¤fùةӻ{¡A´N¥i¥H±o±Ï¡C¡v«Où«ü¥XºÖµ´N¬O¡uC¿q¬°¥D¡v¡M¡u¯«¥s¥L±q¦º¸Ì´_¬¡¡v¡C«Où¹ïºÖµ¤º®eªº·§¬A¡M»P¸t¸g¨ä¥L®Ñ¨÷©Òz¨ÃµL¤À§O¡M¦pªL«e15¡M®{2¡C¦Ü©ó¤ß«H¤f»{¡M¬Oªí©ú«H¥D¤§¹D¬O¡u¤£Ãø¡v¡MºÖµ¹D²z¤]¬O¡u¤£»·¡v¡CRichard B. Hays ¦b Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul, pp.73-83¹ïù°¨®Ñ10.9-10§@¤F²`¤Jªº°Q½×¡A¥LÁ`µ²»¡¡G"Paul centers his reading of Deut. 30.12-14 on the theme of the nearness of the word, rather than on the imperative to do the commandments." (p. 81) ¤S»¡¡G"¡Kthe word of God, now present in the Christian gospel, is the same word of God that was always present to Israel in Torah. It was so close to them that they had no need to go looking for it; yet they were unable to hear it." (pp. 82-83)
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§Ú¦P·N¤H¨SÅ¥¹D´N¤£¥i¯à«H¹D¡M«H¹D¦ÛµM·|®¬§ï©Ó»{¨ü®û¡M¦ý§âù10:17+10:9-10+®{2:38¨î©w¦¨¬°«H¥D¤èµ{¦¡¦ü¥G¤£¤j§´·í¡C®{2:38¸òù10:9-10ªº³õ¦X¡N¹ï¹³¡N«ÂI¨Ã¤£¬Û¦P¡M®{2:38¤£¬O¥Î¨Ó¸É¥Rù10:9-10ªº¤£¨¬¡C
¦Ü©ó¥Ø¤U±`¨£ªº§G¹D·|¡M¶Ç¹DªÌÁ¿¹D«áÁܽШü·P°ÊªºÅ¥²³§@¤@Ó»{¸oë§i¡]sinner's prayer¡^¡M¨Ã¤Þù10:9-10¨Ó®¥¶P¥Ḻo±Ï¤F¡M¦ü¥G§¹¥þ©¿²¤¤F¸Ó¬q¸g¤åªºI´º¡C«Où³o¸Ì¨Ã¤£¬O¦b§G¹D·|«á©I¥lÅ¥²³«H¦ÓÁ|¤â¤ß«H¤f»{±o±Ï¡M¦Ó¬O¤Þ¥Î¬ù¤Oµý«H¥D¤§ªk¬O¡u¤£Ãø¡v¡u¤£»·¡v¡C«Où¥uÁ¿¨ì¡u¤ß¡v¡u¤f¡v¯Âºé¬O¦]¬°¥L¤Þ¥Îªº¥Ó30:14¤]´£¤Î¡u¤ß¡v¡u¤f¡v¦Ó¤w¡M¥L¨Ã¨S¦³§_©w®û§¡M·íµM¤]¤£·|¤Ï¹ï®¬§ï¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡M¨ü®û¥¿¬O¡u¤f»{¡vªº³Ì¦n¾÷·|¡M¥¿¦pEverett Ferguson«ü¥X ¡¨Seemingly, the earliest confessions affirmed that Jesus is the Christ (Messiah-Mark 8:29) or that Jesus is Lord (Rom. 10:9). Such a confession was made at baptism [emphasis mine] and may be the meaning of the phrase ¡§baptized in the name of Jesus Christ¡¨ (Acts 2:36-38; 10:48; 19:5; cf. 22:16)¡¨ (Everett Ferguson, ¡§Confession of Faith¡¨, in Encyclopedia of Early Christianity, 2d ed., ed. Everett Ferguson (New York: Garland Publishing, 1997), 272-73.¤S¦pC.E.B. Cranfield, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (ICC) (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1986), 527»¡ ¡§It is probable that it was used in connexion with baptism¡K¡¨, ¥L°Q½×10:9¡u´N¥²±o±Ï¡v¤@µü®É»¡ ¡§The promise of salvation was often expressed in association with the rite of baptism (see Mk 16.16, Acts 8.37 (E variant reading): cf. also Acts 11.14 and 16.31 in the contexts).¡¨